• Infertility Treatment: TVOR is primarily used in IVF cycles for couples experiencing infertility.
• Egg Freezing: Women who wish to preserve their fertility for future use may undergo TVOR to freeze their eggs.
• Donor Egg Programs: Egg donors undergo TVOR to provide eggs for recipients.

1. Preparation:

• Ovarian Stimulation: Prior to TVOR, the woman undergoes ovarian stimulation with hormone injections (usually gonadotropins) to induce the ovaries to produce multiple mature follicles.
• Monitoring: Regular ultrasounds and blood tests are performed to monitor the development of the follicles and hormone levels.
• Trigger Injection: When the follicles reach the appropriate size, a trigger injection (usually human chorionic gonadotropin or hCG) is administered to mature the eggs for retrieval.

2. Procedure:

• Anesthesia: TVOR is typically performed under sedation or general anesthesia to ensure the patient’s comfort.
• Ultrasound Guidance: An ultrasound probe is inserted into the vagina to visualize the ovaries and guide the retrieval process.
• Needle Aspiration: A thin needle is passed through the vaginal wall into the ovarian follicles. The eggs are aspirated (suctioned) out of the follicles into a collection tube.
• Multiple Follicles: The process is repeated for each follicle until all mature follicles have been aspirated.

3. Duration:

• The procedure usually takes about 20-30 minutes.

1. Recovery:

• Patients are monitored for a short period after the procedure until the effects of anesthesia wear off.
• Mild discomfort, cramping, and spotting are common but typically resolve within a few days.

2. Activity:

• Patients are advised to rest for the remainder of the day and avoid strenuous activities for a few days.
• Normal activities can usually be resumed within a day or two, depending on individual recovery.

3. Follow-Up:

• Patients may be scheduled for a follow-up visit to check on their recovery and to proceed with the next steps of the IVF process, such as embryo transfer.

1. Common:

• Mild discomfort and cramping.
• Spotting or light bleeding.

2. Less Common:

• Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome (OHSS): A condition where the ovaries become swollen and painful due to excessive response to stimulation.
• Infection: Though rare, there is a risk of infection at the needle puncture site.
• Injury: Potential for damage to nearby organs, blood vessels, or the bowel, although this is uncommon.

3. Severe:

• Severe OHSS, which may require hospitalization.
• Heavy bleeding or significant pain, which should be reported to a healthcare provider immediately.